Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a research facility instrument provided by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Tokyo, Japan to be launched on NASA’s Earth Observing System morning (EOS-AM1) platform in 1998. ASTER has three spectral bands in the visible near-infrared (VNIR), six bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and five bands in the thermal infrared (TIR) regions, with 15-, 30-, and 90-m ground resolution, respectively. The VNIR subsystem has one backward-viewing band for stereoscopic observation in the along-track direction. Because the data will have wide spectral coverage and relatively high spatial resolution, we will be able to discriminate a variety of surface materials and reduce problems in some lower resolution data resulting from mixed pixels. ASTER will, for the first time, provide high-spatial resolution multispectral thermal infrared data from orbit and the highest spatial resolution surface spectral reflectance temperature and emissivity data of all of the EOS-AM1 instruments. The primary science objective of the ASTER mission is to improve understanding of the localand regional-scale processes occurring on or near the earth’s surface and lower atmosphere, including surface-atmosphere interactions. Specific areas of the science investigation include the following: 1) land surface climatology; 2) vegetation and ecosystem dynamics; 3) volcano monitoring; 4) hazard monitoring; 5) aerosols and clouds; 6) carbon cycling in the marine ecosystem; 7) hydrology; 8) geology and soil; and 9) land surface and land cover change. There are three categories of ASTER data: a global map, regional monitoring data sets, and local data sets to be obtained for requests from individual investigators. The ASTER instrument will have a limited (8%) duty cycle. Prioritization of data acquisition requests will be based on such factors as data category, user category, and science discipline.